解 释:
人们用它来比喻不想努力,而希望获得成功的侥幸心理。寓 言:
宋国有个农夫种着几亩地,他的地头上有一棵大树。一天,他在地里干活,忽然看见一只兔子箭一般地飞奔过来,猛的撞在那棵大树上,一下子把脖子折断了,蹬蹬腿就死了。这个农夫飞快的跑过去,把兔子捡起来,高兴地说:“这真是一点劲没费,白捡了个大便宜,回去可以美美地吃上一顿了。”他拎着兔子一边往家走,一边得意地想:“我的运气真好,没准明天还会有兔子跑来,我可不能放过这样的便宜。”
第二天,他到地里,也不干活,只守着那棵大树,等着兔子撞过来。结果,等了一天什么也没等到。他却不甘心,从此,天天坐在那棵大树下等着兔子来撞死。他等呀等呀,直等到地里的野草长得比庄稼都高了,连个兔子影也没有再见到。
“守株待兔”的成语就是从这个故事来的。
出 处:
先秦·韩非的《韩非子·五蠹(dù)》:宋人有耕者,田中有株,兔走触株,折颈而死,因释其耒而守株,冀复得兔,兔不可复得而身为宋国笑。寓意:
1.比喻不主动努力,而存万一的侥幸心理,希望得到意外的收获。2.不劳而获,天上掉馅饼的事情是不可能发生的。
3.把偶然事件当成必然性事件是十分愚蠢的。
4.比喻不想努力,就希望获得成功的侥幸心理。
5.说明当时政策的腐败,官员的愚笨。
示例:
明·《古今小说·杨八老越国奇逢》:“妾闻治家以勤俭为本,守株待兔,岂是良图?”近义词:
、、 缘木求鱼 ......反义词:
通达权变 、随机应变......原文:
宋人有耕者,田中有株,兔走触株,折颈而死, 因释其耒而守株,冀复得兔,兔不可复得而身为宋国笑。今欲以先王之政治当世之民,皆守株之类也。典故:
1.宋国有个农夫正在田里翻土。突然,他看见有一只野兔从旁边的草丛里慌慌张张地窜出来,一头撞在田边的树墩子上,便倒在那儿一动也不动了。农民走过去一看:兔子死了。因为它奔跑的速度太快,把脖子都撞折(shé)了。农民高兴极了,他一点力气没花,就白捡了一只又肥又大的野兔。他心想;要是天天都能捡到野兔,日子就好过了。从此,他再也不肯出力气种地了。每天,他把锄头放在身边,就躺在树墩子跟前,等待着第二只、第三只野兔自己撞到这树墩子上来。世上哪有那么多便宜事啊。农民不但没有再捡到撞死的野兔,就连他的田地却荒芜了。2.相传在战国时代宋国,有一个农民,日出而作,日入而息.遇到好年景,也不过刚刚吃饱穿暖;一遇灾荒,可就要忍饥挨饿了.他想改善生活,但他太懒,胆子又特小,干什么都是又懒又怕,总想碰到送上门来的意外之财。
奇迹终于发生了。深秋的一天,他正在田里耕地,周围有人在打猎。吆喝之声四处起伏,受惊的小野兽没命的奔跑。突然, 有一只兔子,不偏不倚,一头撞死在他田边的树墩子上。
当天,他美美地饱餐了一顿。
从此,他便不再种地。一天到晚,守着那神奇的树墩子,等着奇迹的出现。
成语“守株待兔”,比喻妄想不劳而得,或死守狭隘的经验,不知变通。
[启示]:什么东西都要自己劳动,那才是真实的。意外之财往往预示着不幸,你对生活的了解、痴心妄想的不幸。
这是一则脍炙人口的寓言故事。兔子自己撞死在树墩子上,这是生活中的偶然现象。宋国那个农夫却把它误认为是经常发生的必然现象,最后落得个田园荒芜,一无所获。不靠自己勤勤恳恳的劳动,而想靠碰好运过日子,是不会有好结果的。我们一定不要做“守株待兔”式的蠢人。
[文言文]:
宋人⑩有耕(12)者。田中有株①,兔走触株②,折颈而死。因释⑥其耒而守株③,冀复(11)得兔④。兔不可复得,而身为宋国笑⑤。今⑨欲以⑦先王之政,治⑧当世之民,皆守株之类也。——韩非《韩非子》[简译]
宋国有个农民,他的田地中有一棵树桩。一天,一只跑得飞快的兔子撞在了树桩上,扭断了脖子而死。从此,那个农民舍弃了他的农具,天天等在树桩旁,希望能再得到一只兔子。兔子不可以重复得到,然而他却成为宋国人的笑柄。现在居然想用过去的治国方案来治理当今的百姓,这都是在犯守株待兔一样的错误呀!
[注释]
①株——露在地面上的断树根。
②走——跑,逃跑。
③耒(lěi)——古代的一种农具,形状象木叉。
④冀——希望。
⑤而身为宋国笑——而他自己却被宋国人耻笑。
⑥释——放下
⑦以——用
⑧治——统治
⑨今——现在
⑩宋人——宋国的人
注意:多用于贬义
11.复——再
12耕:耕田种地,耕者:耕田的人,农民
【英语翻译】:
Staying by a Stump Waiting for More Hares To Come and Dash Themselves Against It
This story took place more than 2,000 years ago,in the Warring States period(475-221 B.C.).Tradition has it that in the State of Song at that time there was a man who was famous for staying by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it.
He was a yong farmer,and his family had been farmers for generations.Year after year and generation after generation, farmers used to sow in spring and harvest in autumn,beginning to work at sunrise and retiring at sunset.In good harvest years,they could only have enough food to eat and enough clothing to wear.If there was a famine due to crop failure,they had to go hungry.
This young farmer wanted to improve his life.But he was too lazy and too cowardly.Being lazy and cowardly over everything,he often dreamed of having unexpected blessings.
A miracle took place at last. One day in late autumn,when he was ploughing in the field,two groups of people were hunting nearby.As shoutings were rising one after another,scared hares were running desperately.Suddenly,a blind hare dashed itself headlong against the stump of a dead tree in his field and died.
That day,he ate his fill.
From that day on,he no longer went in for farming again.From morning till night,he stayed by that miraculous stump,waiting for miracles to take place again.
This story comes from'The Five Vermin'in The Works of Han Feizi.Later generations often use the set phrase'staying by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it'to show grusting to chance and windfalls or dreaming to reap without sowing.It is also used to show adhering to narrow experiences and not being able to be flexible.