唇亡齿寒
( chún wáng chǐ hán )【解 释】 亡：失去。嘴唇没有了，牙齿就会感到寒冷。比喻关系密切，利害相关。
【出 处】 《·僖公五年》：“谚所谓'辅车相依，唇亡齿寒'者，其虞虢之谓也。
【用 法】 紧缩式；作谓语、定语；形容国家、人际之间的关系
【示 例】 ·《论支那独立之实力与日本东方政策》：“诚所谓自撤藩篱，招～之戚而已。
【近义词】 、
【反义词】 、
【灯 谜】 口无遮挡
【故 事】 春秋时期，晋国为攻打虢国，晋王采纳大将荀息的建议，送晋王的玉石与宝马给虞王，向虞国借道攻虢。虞王不接受宫之奇邻国之间就是嘴唇与牙齿的关系的观点，允许晋国借道攻虢，结果晋灭虢后三年就消灭虞国，夺回宝物。
原文（《左传·僖公五年》）
晋侯复假道于虞以伐虢。宫之奇谏曰：“虢，虞之表也，虢亡，虞必从之。晋不可启，寇不可玩，一之谓甚，其可再乎？谚所谓‘辅车相依，唇亡齿寒’ 者，其虞、虢之谓也。”公曰：“晋，吾宗也，岂害我哉？”对曰：“大伯、虞仲，大王之昭也，大伯不从，是以不嗣。虢仲、虢叔，王季之穆也，为文王卿士，勋在王室，藏于盟府。将虢是灭，何爱于虞？且虞能亲于桓、庄乎，其爱之也？桓、庄之族何罪，而以为戮，不唯逼乎？亲以宠逼，犹尚害之，况以国乎？” 公曰：“吾享祀丰洁，神必据我。”对曰：“臣闻之，鬼神非人实亲，惟德是依。故《周书》曰：‘皇天无亲，惟德是辅。’又曰：‘黍稷非馨，明德惟馨。’又曰：‘民不易物，惟德繄物。’如是，则非德民不和，神不享矣。神所冯依，将在德矣。若晋取虞，而明德以荐馨香，神其吐之乎？”弗听，许晋使。宫之奇以其族行，曰：“虞不腊矣，在此行也，晋不更举矣。”翻译
晋献公再次向虞周借路去攻打虢国，宫之奇进谏说：“虢国是虞国的屏障。虢国灭亡了，虞国必定会跟着被灭掉。晋国的野心不可助长，对外敌不可忽视。借路给晋国一次就算是过分了，怎么可能有第二次？俗话说，‘面颊和牙床骨（有一说是车厢两边的夹板）是相互依存的，失去了嘴唇牙齿就会受冻。’这话说的正是虞国和虢国的关系啊。”虞公说：“晋国是我们的同宗，怎么会谋害我们？”宫之奇回答说：“太伯和虞仲都是太王的儿子，太伯不从父命，因此没有继承周朝的王位。虢仲和虢叔都是王季的儿子，当过文王的执政大臣，对周王室立下过功勋，记载他们功绩的盟书在盟府里保存着，晋国将虢国都要灭掉，对虞国还能有什么爱惜？再说晋国爱虞国，这种爱比桓叔和庄伯的后人对晋国更亲近吗？桓叔和庄伯的后人有什么罪过，而晋献公把他们都杀掉了，不就是因为他感到他们是一种威胁吗？至亲的人因为恃宠而威胁到献公，而且还要把他们杀掉，何况一个国家对他的威胁呢？虞公说：“我的祭品丰盛洁净，神明一定会保佑我。”宫之奇说：“我听说过，鬼神不随便亲近哪个人，只保佑有德行的人。所以《周书》上说：‘上天对人不分亲疏，只帮助有德行的人。’还说：‘五谷祭品不算芳香，只有美德会芳香四溢。’《周书》上又说：‘人们的祭品没有什么不同，只有有美德的人的祭品神才会享用。’照《周书》这么说，君主没有德行，民众就不会和睦，神明也不会享用他的祭品。神明所依凭的，在于人的德行。如果晋国夺取了虞国，用他的美德向神明进献祭品，难道神明会不享用吗？”虞公没有听从宫之奇的劝告，答应了晋国使者借路的要求。宫之奇带领他的家族离开了虞国，并说：“虞国不能举行年终的腊祭了。这一次虞国就灭亡了，晋国用不着再发兵了。”注释
复：再；又晋侯：晋文公。
谏：规劝
表：外围，屏障。
启：开启。
玩：忽视。
一之为甚：一次已经是过分了。甚，过分。此指上次虞借道给晋灭下阳的事情。
假：借。
伐：攻打。
辅车：面颊与牙床。一说辅指车厢两边的夹板。
虞：姬姓国
典故
春秋时候，想要扩充自己的实力和地盘，就找借口说邻近的虢（guó）国经常侵犯晋国的边境，要派兵灭了虢国。可是在晋国和虢国之间隔着一个虞国，讨伐虢国必须经过虞地。“怎样才能顺利通过虞国呢？”晋献公问手下的大臣。大夫荀息说：“虞国国君是个目光短浅、贪图小利的人，只要我们送他价值连城的美玉和宝马，他不会不答应借道的。”晋献公一听有点舍不得，荀息看出了晋献公的心思，就说：“虞虢两国是唇齿相依的近邻，虢国灭了，虞国也不能独存，您的美玉宝马不过是暂时存放在虞公那里罢了。”晋献公采纳了荀息的计策。虞国国君见到这两们珍贵的礼物，顿时心花怒放，听到荀息说要借道虞国之事时，当时就满口答应下来。虞国大夫听说后，赶快阻止道：“不行，不行，虞国和虢国是唇齿相依的近邻，我们两个小国相互依存，有事可以自彼帮助，万一虢国灭了，我们虞国也就难保了。俗话说：‘唇亡齿寒’，没有嘴唇，牙齿也保不住啊！借道给晋国万万使不得。”虞公说：“人家晋国是大国，现在特意送来美玉宝马和咱们交朋友，难道咱们借条道路让他们走走都不行吗？”宫之奇连声叹气，知道虞国离灭亡的日子不远了，于是就带着一家老小离开了虞国。
果然，晋国军队借道虞国，消灭了虢国，随后又把亲自迎接晋军的虞公抓住，灭了虞国。 故事出自《左传·僖公五年》。成语“唇亡齿寒”，比喻双方关系密切，相互依存。
英文版
If the Lips Are Gone, the Teeth Will Be Cold
During the Spring and Autumn Period (707 - 476 B.C.), Duke Xian of the State of Jin Wanted to expand his position of strength and sphere of influence. Therefore he would like to send his troops to destroy the State of Guo on the pretest that the State of Guo often encroached on theborders of the State of Jin. But there was a third state, the State of Yu,between the State of Jin and the State of Guo, and the Jin army had to cross the State of Yu before it could reach the State of Guo . 'How can my army cross the State of Yu without a hitch?' Duke Xian of the State of Jin asked his ministers.Xun Xi , one of the ministers, said, 'The monarch of the State of Yu is short - sighted and covets small advantages. If we give him priceless precious stones and fine horses, it is not unlikely that he will allow our army to pass through his country. ' Seeing that Duke Xian of the State of Jin was a little bit grudging, Xun Xi continued to say, 'The State of Yu and the State of Guo are neighbor stated as closely related as lips and teeth. The State of Yu cannot exist independently if the state of Guo is destroyed. Your precious stones and fime hores are just left in the care of the monarch of the State of Yu.' So Duke Xian of the State of Jin accepted Xun Xi's plan. When the monarch of Yu saw the precious gifts, he was elated,and readily promised to let the Jin army pass through his state. Hearing the news, Gong Zhiqi, one of the ministers as the State of Yu, hastened to admonish the monarch, saying,' That won't do.For the State of Yu and the State of Guo are neighbor states as closely related as lips and teeth. Our two small states are interdependent, and can help cach other when problems crop up .If the State of Guo were destroyed, it would be difficult for our State of Yu to continue to exist. As the common saying goes, if the lips are gone ,the teeth will be cold, The teeth can hardly be kept if the lips are gone. So it won't do at all to allow the Jin army pass our state.' The monarch of the State of Yu said,' The State of Jin is a big state. Now they here specially to present gifts to us with the intention of being on friendly terms with us. Under suchcircumstances, how can we refuse to allow them to pass through our state?' Hearing this, Gong Zhiqi sighed repeatedly. Knowing that the State of Yu would soon be destroyed, Gong Zhiqi left the State of Yu together with his whole family.
As expected, the troops of the State of Jin, allowed to pass through the State of Yu, destroyed the State of Guo and on their return trip captured the monarch of the State of Yu who went out personally to meet them, htus destroying the State of Yu as Well.
This story appears in the chapter ' The Fifth Year of Duke Xi ' in Zuo zhuan,the famous commentary by Zuo Qiuming on The Spring and Autumn Annals. The set phrase ' if the lips are gone, the teeth will be cold ' is used to mean that two persons or things share a common lot and that is one fails ,the other is in danger.
【哲理】
不懂得互依互存，贪小失大 必然会失败
Do not know how to keep each other in accordance with each other, is bound to fail Tanxiaoshitai