西风颂②

查良铮译本

  西风颂
  1
  哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸!
  你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,
  有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:
  黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨,
  呵,重染疫疠的一群:西风呵,是你
  以车驾把有翼的种子催送到
  黑暗的冬床上,它们就躺在那里,
  像是墓中的死穴,冰冷,深藏,低贱,
  直等到春天,你碧空的姊妹吹起
  她的喇叭,在沉睡的大地上响遍,
  (唤出嫩芽,像羊群一样,觅食空中)
  将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
  不羁的精灵呵,你无处不远行;
  破坏者兼保护者:听吧,你且聆听!
  2
  没入你的急流,当高空一片混乱,
  流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯
  脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。
  成为雨和电的使者:它们飘落
  在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面,
  有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁,
  从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿
  直抵九霄的中天,到处都在摇曳
  欲来雷雨的卷发,对濒死的一年
  你唱出了葬歌,而这密集的黑夜
  将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶,
  里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结;
  那是你的浑然之气,从它会迸涌
  黑色的雨,冰雹和火焰:哦,你听!
  3
  是你,你将蓝色的地中海唤醒,
  而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天,
  被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦,
  就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边,
  它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁
  在水天辉映的波影里抖颤,
  而且都生满青苔、开满花朵,
  那芬芳真迷人欲醉!呵,为了给你
  让一条路,大西洋的汹涌的浪波
  把自己向两边劈开,而深在渊底
  那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林
  虽然枝叶扶疏,却没有精力;
  听到你的声音,它们已吓得发青:
  一边颤栗,一边自动萎缩:哦,你听!
  4
  哎,假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起,
  假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾,
  是一个波浪,和你的威力同喘息,
  假如我分有你的脉搏,仅仅不如
  你那么自由,哦,无法约束的生命!
  假如我能像在少年时,凌风而舞
  便成了你的伴侣,悠游天空
  (因为呵,那时候,要想追你上云霄,
  似乎并非梦幻),我就不致像如今
  这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。
  哦,举起我吧,当我是水波、树叶、浮云!
  我跌在生活底荆棘上,我流血了!
  这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命
  原是和你一样:骄傲、轻捷而不驯。
  5
  把我当作你的竖琴吧,有如树林:
  尽管我的叶落了,那有什么关系!
  你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐
  将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意:
  虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵,但愿你给予我
  狂暴的精神!奋勇者呵,让我们合一!
  请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落,
  让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命!
  哦,请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌,
  就把我的话语,像是灰烬和火星
  从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散!
  让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇
  把昏睡的大地唤醒吧!西风呵,
  如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

英文原版

  Ode to the West Wind
  I
  O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,
  Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
  Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
  Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
  Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
  Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
  The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
  Each like a corpse within its grave, until
  Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
  Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
  (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
  With living hues and odours plain and hill:
  Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
  Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!
  II
  Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,
  Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,
  Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
  Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread
  On the blue surface of thine a{:e}ry surge,
  Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
  Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
  Of the horizon to the zenith's height,
  The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge
  Of the dying year, to which this closing night
  Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
  Vaulted with all thy congregated might
  Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
  Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!
  III
  Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
  The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
  Lull'd by the coil of his cryst{`a}lline streams,
  Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
  And saw in sleep old palaces and towers
  Quivering within the wave's intenser day,
  All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
  So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou
  For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
  Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
  The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
  The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
  Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
  And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!
  IV
  If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
  If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;
  A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share
  The impulse of thy strength, only less free
  Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
  I were as in my boyhood, and could be
  The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,
  As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
  Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
  As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
  Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!
  I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
  A heavy weight of hours has chain'd and bow'd
  One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
  V
  Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
  What if my leaves are falling like its own!
  The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
  Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
  Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
  My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
  Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
  Like wither'd leaves to quicken a new birth!
  And, by the incantation of this verse,
  Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth
  Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
  Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth
  The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
  If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

作者简介

  (1792—1822),19世纪著名浪漫主义诗人。出生在一个古老而保守的贵族家庭。少年时在皇家的伊顿公学就读。1810年入牛津大学学习,开始追求民主自由。1811年,诗人因为写作哲学论文推理上帝的不存在,宣传无神论,被学校开除;也因此得罪父亲,离家独居。1812年,诗人又偕同新婚的妻子赴爱尔兰参加那儿人们反抗英国统治的斗争,遭到英国统治阶级的忌恨。1814年,诗人与妻子离婚,与玛丽小姐结合。英国当局趁机对诗人大加诽谤中伤,诗人愤然离开祖国,旅居意大利。1822年7月8日,诗人出海航行遭遇暴风雨,溺水而亡。诗人一生创作了大量优秀的抒情诗及政治诗,《致云雀》、《西风颂》、《自由颂》、《解放了的普罗米修斯》、《暴政的假面游行》等诗都一直为人们传唱不衰。

名作赏析

  《西风颂》雪莱“三大颂”诗歌中的一首,写于1819年。这时诗人正旅居意大利,处于创作的高峰期。这首诗可以说是诗人“骄傲、轻捷而不驯的灵魂”的自白,是时代精神的写照。诗人凭借自己的诗才,借助自然的精灵让自己的生命与鼓荡的西风相呼相应,用气势恢宏的篇章唱出了生命的旋律和心灵的狂舞。
  诗共分5节,前3节写“西风”。那狂烈的西风,它的威力可以将一切腐朽的生命扯碎,天空在它的呼啸中战栗着。看吧!那狂暴犹如狂女的头发,在天地间摇曳,布满整个宇宙;那黑夜中浓浓的无边际的神秘,是西风力量的凝结;那黑色的雨、冰雹和火焰是它的帮手。这力量足以打破一切。
  在秋天,西风狂暴地将陈腐的生命吹去,以横扫千军之势除去没有生机的枯叶,吹去那痨病似的生命。然而,它没有残杀一粒生命。它要将种子放进冬天深深的心中,在那里生根发芽,埋下春的信息。然后,西风吹响春的号角,让碧绿、香气布满大地,让它们随着西风运行的足迹四处传播。经过西风的破坏和培育,生命在旺盛地生长;那景象、那迷人的芳香在迅速地蔓延着,那污浊的、残破的东西已奄奄一息,在海底战栗着。
  诗人用优美而蓬勃的想象写出了西风的形象。那气势恢宏的诗句,强烈撼人的激情把西风的狂烈、急于扫除旧世界创造新世界的形象展现在人们面前。诗中比喻奇特,形象鲜明,枯叶的腐朽、狂女的头发、黑色的雨、夜的世界无不深深地震撼着人们的心灵。
  诗歌的后两段写诗人与西风的应和。“我跌在生活底荆棘上,我流血了!”这令人心碎的诗句道出了诗人不羁心灵的创伤。尽管如此,诗人愿意被西风吹拂,愿意自己即将逝去的生命在被撕碎的瞬间感受到西风的精神,西风的气息;诗人愿奉献自己的一切,为即将到来的春天奉献。在诗的结尾,诗人以预言家的口吻高喊:
  “要是冬天已经来了,西风呵,春日怎能遥远?”
  这里,西风已经成了一种象征,它是一种无处不在的宇宙精神,一种打破旧世界,追求新世界的西风精神。诗人以西风自喻,表达了自己对生活的信念和向旧世界宣战的决心。

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