托马斯·胡德②

托马斯·胡德 Thomas Hood (1799-1845)英国著名诗人。
　　Chronology
　　1799
　　Thomas Hood born May 23 in London, son of a bookseller and publisher of Scottish origin.
　　1811
　　Death of Hoods father forces change in educational plans.
　　1813
　　Hood forced to leave school to take position as clerk in London.
　　1814
　　Hood becomes interested in engraving through the influence of his uncle, a prominent engraver.
　　1815
　　Autumn, Hood has physical breakdown; journeys to Dundee to recover health and visit relatives.
　　1816
　　Still at Dundee, writes The Bandit, a narrative poem somewhat in the vein of Sir Walter Scott and Lord Byron.
　　1817
　　Autumn, returns to London with the idea of following engraving as a profession.
　　1819-21
　　Hood working as an engraver. Makes occasional contributions to a fortnightly literary society. Early summer, 1821, joins staff of the London Magazine. July, mother dies, leaving Hoods four sisters in his care.
　　1821-23
　　Working as a sort of sub-editor on the London Magazine. Meets Charles Lamb, J. H. Reynolds, Thomas De Quincey, William Hazlitt, William Wordsworth, and other prominent literary figures. Around June, 1823, severs association with the London Magazine.
　　1825
　　February, Odes and Addresses to Great People, by Hood and Reynolds, published with great success. May, marries Jane Reynolds.
　　1826
　　Publishes First Series of Whims and Oddities, which is very well received by the public and praised by Blackwoods. May (?)-August, employed as dramatic critic for The Atlas.
　　1827
　　February, publishes National Tales, a collection of stories, and in July, The Plea of the Midsummer Fairies, Hero and Leander, Lycus the Centaur, and Other Poems--both in the serious tone, and both failures. October, Second Series of Whims and Oddities issued with great success.
　　1828
　　Writes a mediocre farce, York and Lancaster or a School without Scholars (one of several lackluster comedies attempted by Hood). October, begins editing The Gem, a Christmas annual; contributes to it The Dream of Eugene Aram and other pieces.
　　1829
　　Becomes one of the proprietors of The Athenaeum, a new and promising journal. September, scores a triumph with The Epping Hunt.
　　1830
　　Hood brings out his first Comic Annual (to appear yearly 1830-39 and again in 1842), which is highly successful and widely imitated. Daughter, Frances, born.
　　1831
　　June, Hood unwisely ends his official connection with The Athenaeum, but continues to contribute to it
　　1832
　　Moves with his family to a country house in Essex.
　　1833
　　Working on a three-volume novel, Tylney Hall. Harassed by poor health and heavy expenses.
　　1834
　　Hood quarrels with his publisher, C. Tilt; replaces him with A. H. Baily. October, Tylney Hall published and sells well, but Hoods finances still precarious. December, saddened by death of Lamb.
　　1835
　　Son, Tom, born. March, financial disaster sends Hood temporarily to the Continent. At Coblenz, plans a German book; continues work on Comic Annual and other projects.
　　1836
　　Supports Thomas Noon Talfourds efforts toward reform of copyright law by writing for The Athenaeum a series of letters titled Copyright and Copywrong. Winter, reveals increasing humanitarian concern with the poem Agricultural Distress.
　　1837
　　June, moves with family to Ostend, Belgium. Continues work on Comic Annual. Autumn, planning Hoods Own, a monthly magazine.
　　1838
　　January, first issue of Hoods Own appears and wins instant popularity, but Hoods finances still critical. Returns to England for brief visit.
　　1839
　　Early in year, Hood in England briefly to consult Dr. Elliot about his health and to check into Bailys practices. Publishes the thirteen numbers of Hoods Own as a collected volume. December, publishes his German book, Up the Rhine (dated 1840).
　　1840
　　Up the Rhine a phenomenal success, but Hoods income tied up through litigation with Baily. Summer, the Hood family finally reunited in England. November, Hoods Athenaeum review of Dickens Master Humphreys Clock leads to lasting friendship between the two writers. Scores a great hit with Miss Kilmansegg and Her Precious Leg.
　　1841
　　Financial situation relieved somewhat by grant from Royal Literary Fund. August, Hood succeeds to editorship of the New Monthly Magazine upon death of Theodore Hook.
　　1842
　　Receives many marks of esteem from Dickens and other literary celebrities. June, publishes two more letters on copyright in The Athenaeum. Still editing the New Monthly Magazine.
　　1843
　　September, vacations with son in Dundee; visits Edinburgh and is entertained by Lord Jeffrey. October, quarrels with publisher of the New Monthly Magazine and resigns editorship. December, creates a sensation with The Song of the Shirt; publishes Whimsicalities (dated 1844).
　　1844
　　January, begins publication of Hoods Monthly Magazine and Comic Miscellany; sales are excellent, but again Hood has trouble with his publisher. Health collapses, and friends rally to keep the magazine on its feet. May, The Bridge of Sighs wins great acclaim. November, Mrs. Hood placed on civil pension list. Hood still trying to work while propped up in bed.
　　1845
　　May 3, Hood dies.